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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained wooden window is a crucial part of a historic building. It reflects in different degree the technology and materials of the time it was constructed, the architectural style and craftsmanship. Whenever possible repairs to existing windows are required, they should be made in-situ. Repairing the most deteriorated areas of decay can be done by using specialized resin-based systems. Durability The windows made of timber in many old buildings were built to last for centuries. They do require some maintenance to ensure they look good. The most frequent maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cords as well as tightening sash pulleys and painting. The demand for enhancing timber windows to increase efficiency and energy efficiency is also increasing. This can include replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates or installing new cills for improved air seal. A key problem with traditional windows is damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially important where windows with sash are involved since the gaps between the sashes can be quite wide. In these cases water can get into paint film and cause rotting of the putty or wood beneath. Poor weather conditions can exacerbate the rotting. To prevent this windows, they should be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint that is suitable. In addition to repainting, corroded areas need to be repaired with an adhesive-based repair product. This will ensure that the best possible amount of the original fabric is retained. It is crucial to reduce the number of holes created into the frame to allow cable entry, as these can admit moisture and cause decay. Another major issue with older windows is the structural movement within the wall which can cause deformation of the frame and the sash. This can lead to the sash not fitting properly, sticking or jamming in the opening and cracked glazing. This can be fixed frequently by putting in new frames for sash made of slow-growing deal (pine), or oak. The cill needs to be constructed of a durable hardwood, like oak, in order to prevent any differential movement between new and older work. There are now window repair Repair My Windows And Doors that produce Boston pattern wooden sash that fit in with the majority of openings. These sash are available in a variety of sizes and finishes that meet the needs of the modern homeowner. These sash are combined with quadruple draft strip and a more efficient thermal insulation, could significantly improve the efficiency of a home's energy use. Aesthetics A lot of old timber frames possess a dazzling aesthetic appeal, since they show, in some shape, the materials technology, the construction process, and the architectural taste from the time period they were built. They could have significant historical value as a set. This is especially true of early unglazed window openings in timber-framed structures, which were simply a series of openings within the structural frame sub-divided horizontally into mullions, and vertically into wood or iron bars to keep out invaders. Traditional timber window joinery can be a stunning feature of a building and is essential to keep it looking good. When you spot any decay caused by the penetration of moisture, it is important to stop it. This is best accomplished by applying a thorough coat of paint, particularly in areas that have already suffered damage or deterioration. It is advisable to use paints specifically designed to be used part of a system (primer as well as undercoat, finish and primer) and to follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding preparation and number of coats required at each stage. Wet rot is a frequent issue in old timber windows. The best way to stop it developing is to remove sections that are damaged or rotten as soon as possible to stop the spread of the fungus that causes it. The replacement of rotting wood must be done with care by using a slow-growing deal (pine) and, if feasible using the same species as that which is being removed in order to prevent any movement differences between the new section and existing timbers. In the late period of the 17th century and the middle of the medieval period, glass became cheaper and more abundant, so that the glazed openings in timber-framed structures gradually became more sophisticated, with tracery made of wood, moulded mullions and deep protruding cills. The glazing was increasingly set within rebated frames and pinned in with 'glazing sprigs' rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less susceptible to leaks, but it can allow for much wider, clearer sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise have been possible without the need for lead lights. Energy efficiency The traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness and multilayer construction as well as attention to detail. The large glass areas, the deep projecting cills and large glazing areas help to reduce air infiltration. The windows can be made to improve their energy efficiency by draught-proofing and secondary glazing. It is important to keep in mind that these measures need to be considered in relation to the overall integrity and appearance of the original windows. It is sensible to repair or upgrade existing windows that are older rather than replacing them, especially when the improvement in energy efficiency can be made through simple fixes. Historic windows often have historical significance that demonstrates a range of technological advances and changes in architectural style. Many people believe that these windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, many of them will last for 150, 200 or even 250 years with proper maintenance. It is essential to understand that the decay issues that are caused by traditional timber windows can be prevented through regular maintenance and timely repairs. In addition, it is essential to identify damp penetration problems and fix them promptly to prevent serious damage. Early deterioration of paint is a major issue, because it allows moisture to penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this damage to go unnoticed until paintwork begins to crack or becomes wavy. However, it could cause structural damage and further decay. A good quality paint will prevent this moisture from entering. To prevent mould and condensation it is crucial to keep the paintwork as clean as you can. Modern synthetic paints can be problematic, as they are often formulated to be water-resistant, which can result in the formation of mildew within the window frame. Most older windows were made from sapwood-rich wood. The timbers will deteriorate quickly when exposed to moist weather conditions, but they can be protected with an extensive preservative treatment prior to when they are used. It is important to choose the right type of wood for the location and climate, as these variables can affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers provide various types of sash timbers that can be customized to fit historic openings. They can be made in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes that can be adapted to historical structures. Maintenance Regular inspections, careful redecoration, and prompt repairs can extend the life of wooden windows. The main cause of decay is moisture infiltration through deteriorated paint and putty. This can be avoided with thorough painting and the use of a good quality wood preservative. Repairs to old sash windows and frameless casement windows should be done with care and with minimal disruption. It is possible to fix several traditional designs of timber windows without having to remove the frame. This is a must whenever it is possible. Paint that is peeling or loose must be removed with care and sanded lightly to improve the “key” of the surface and facilitate an easier adhesion of the new coating. It is essential to not remove old paint layers, which may have historical value. When a section of wood has rotted, the best solution is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts that are shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with wood preservative and the joint between the cill for timber and the sub-cill of the masonry should be sealed. Replacement of traditional windows using PVC-u is a tempting option, especially when the installer provides an “all-in-one” installation that handles removal and replacement within a day. However, it is essential that the person installing replacement windows has a complete knowledge of the construction and history of traditional timber frames. This will allow them to make the right suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technical upgrades that will not harm the historic character of a building. Those providing replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are approved as a suitable option under Building Regulations. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u windows that conform to the original building's style. This is particularly applicable when windows are in listed buildings or conservation areas.